The soil consists mainly of limestone (used for building through the ages), alternating with brechified silex (used in prehistory), resting on a cretaceaous level with fossils (observed in the Wadi Lehun and in some stones of the Nabataean temple).
The plateau contains also chalk, gypsum, marl and basaltic infiltration, materials used by the nomads and the sedentarized people to make their tools and pottery. 

Because of the nature of the stone, which is not porous, there are no water springs which can be used for daily life, or a sufficiently high water table. There are more than 20 cisterns, all over the site of Lehun. They belong to different periods and are generally located near antique settlements. Most of them are no longer in use.